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Single track effects, Biostack and risk assessment.

S B Curtis1

  • 1Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California 94720, USA.

Radiation Measurements
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Space radiation biology research highlights the impact of single heavy particle tracks on biological systems. New findings suggest these tracks may affect cells at greater distances, influencing cancer risk for astronauts on long missions.

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Radiation research·2001

Area of Science:

  • Space Radiation Biology
  • Astrobiology
  • Radiobiology

Background:

  • Pioneering research in space radiation biology has established methods for studying radiation effects in space.
  • Professor Bucker's work, including the Biostack program, developed crucial techniques for handling biological samples in space.
  • Early studies focused on understanding the impact of radiation on biological objects during space missions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the single-track nature of the space radiation environment and its importance for evaluating radiation risk.
  • To review biological objects showing increased effects from single heavy charged-particle hits in space.
  • To discuss provocative results from Bacillus subtilis regarding the extended influence of particle tracks.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments in space to measure effects of single high-energy heavy galactic cosmic ray tracks.
  • Identification of whether biological objects were hit by heavy particle tracks.
  • Analysis of inactivation cross sections and biological effectiveness ratios.

Main Results:

  • Single-track traversals are expected to dominate cellular effects for space travelers.
  • Bacterial spores (Bacillus subtilis) showed inactivation effects at unexpectedly large distances from particle trajectories.
  • Inactivation cross sections in space for Bacillus subtilis were calculated to be significantly larger than anticipated, potentially 20 times greater than expected from ground-based accelerator experiments.

Conclusions:

  • High-energy particles can exert biological influence at greater distances than previously thought.
  • The concept of Relative Per Particle Effectiveness (RPPE) is introduced as a measure of biological importance, with a suggested value of 13,520 for high-energy iron ions to high-energy protons (Letaw limit).
  • Further research using high-energy heavy-ion accelerators is needed to confirm these findings and explore unique effects of heavy ion tracks.
Keywords:
NASA Discipline Radiation HealthNon-NASA Center

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