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Fundamental studies concerning planetary quarantine in space.

J Koike1, T Hori, Y Katahira

  • 1Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.

Advances in Space Research : the Official Journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Terrestrial microbes can survive simulated Mars conditions for centuries, posing a risk of planetary contamination. This highlights the need for stringent quarantine measures in space missions to protect future life detection experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrobiology
  • Planetary Protection
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Planetary protection is crucial to prevent Earth microbe contamination of other celestial bodies.
  • Future life-detection experiments on planets like Mars require pristine environments.
  • Understanding microbial survival in space is key for interplanetary mission quarantine protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the survivability of terrestrial microorganisms under simulated Martian conditions.
  • To evaluate the risk of planetary contamination from Earth-borne microbes during space missions.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated Martian conditions including ultraviolet (UV) and proton irradiation.
  • Low temperature, high vacuum, and simulated Martian atmospheric gases were employed.

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  • Survivability of various terrestrial organisms (e.g., Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger) was tested post-exposure.

    • Main Results:

    • Spores of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger demonstrated high survivability.
    • Certain anaerobic bacteria and algae also showed significant resilience.
    • Microbes survived irradiation equivalent to 200 years on Mars.

    Conclusions:

    • Terrestrial microorganisms can persist under simulated Mars conditions for extended periods.
    • This poses a significant risk of contaminating Mars, potentially compromising future life-detection efforts.
    • Reinforces the necessity for robust quarantine measures for all interplanetary missions.