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Related Experiment Videos

Lunar soil evolution processes and Apollo 16 core 60013/60014.

A Basu1, D S McKay

  • 1Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405, USA.

Meteoritics
|March 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Apollo 16 lunar soils show distinct maturation from bottom to top, with upper layers reworked. Analysis reveals mixing of rock types and feldspar provenance, consistent with lunar soil evolution models.

Area of Science:

  • Lunar geology and regolith studies
  • Planetary science and soil evolution
  • Mineralogy and petrology of extraterrestrial samples

Background:

  • Apollo 16 double drive tube 60013/14 exhibits varying soil maturity, mature at the top and submature at the bottom.
  • Understanding lunar soil stratigraphy and evolution is crucial for interpreting geological history and resource potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the mineralogical and chemical composition of Apollo 16 lunar soils.
  • To determine the provenance and mixing history of soil components.
  • To evaluate the soil evolution and reworking processes within the core.

Main Methods:

  • Modal analysis of 5529 grains from two size fractions (90-150 µm and 500-1000 µm) across 12 core levels.
  • Major and minor element analysis of 198 single feldspar grains.
Keywords:
NASA Center JSCNASA Discipline ExobiologyNASA Discipline Number 52-10NASA Program Exobiology

Related Experiment Videos

  • Classification of 890 monomineralic grains based on surface coating.

    • Main Results:

    • Agglutinate abundance increases towards the top, correlating with the integrated soil maturity (Is/FeO) profile.
    • Monomineralic fragment abundance decreases towards the top, suggesting agglutinate formation from these grains, particularly feldspars.
    • Distinct differences observed between the top 27 cm, bottom 21 cm, and intermediate 14 cm segments, indicating varying soil evolution and reworking.
    • Single feldspar grains show no shock damage and are consistent with anorthosites and feldspathic fragmental breccias as primary sources.
    • Coated grains, indicative of surface reworking, are more abundant in the top segment.

    Conclusions:

    • The lunar soils in core 60013/14 are products of mixing along soil evolution Path 2, with superimposed reworking of the upper part along Path 1.
    • The core represents a consanguineous column of lunar regolith with a distinct upper reworked segment.
    • Mixing of immature plagioclase-rich and crystalline breccia-rich soils, followed by in situ reworking, likely produced the observed soil profiles.