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Carbonaceous components in the comet Halley dust.

M N Fomenkova1, S Chang, L M Mukhin

  • 1NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.

Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Cometary dust particles rich in carbon and organic matter (CHON grains) were identified in Halley

Area of Science:

  • Cosmochemistry and Astrochemistry
  • Planetary Science

Background:

  • In situ measurements of comet Halley dust composition were conducted during the VEGA and GIOTTO flyby missions.
  • Cometary grains containing significant amounts of carbon and/or organic matter (CHON) were discovered.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To classify CHON grains using cluster analysis.
  • To discuss compositional groups and compare them with extraterrestrial materials.
  • To investigate the origin and evolution of organic matter in comets.

Main Methods:

  • Cluster analysis of cometary dust composition data.
  • Comparison of cometary grain compositions with meteorites, interplanetary dust, and interstellar medium.
  • Analysis of spatial distribution of organic-rich grains within the comet's coma.
Keywords:
NASA Center ARCNASA Discipline ExobiologyNASA Discipline Number 52-10NASA Program Exobiology

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Main Results:

  • CHON grains constitute approximately 22% of measured cometary dust particles, often with minor rock-forming elements.
  • Organic material is more abundant near the nucleus, suggesting in-situ decomposition.
  • Identified simple components include pure carbon, hydrocarbons, cyanopolyyne polymers, and multi-carbon monoxides; no significant formaldehyde or HCN polymers were found.

Conclusions:

  • Cometary CHON grains may originate from interstellar kerogen-like material found in carbonaceous meteorites.
  • The diversity of organic compounds supports the interstellar dust model of comets, reflecting precursor dust heterogeneity.
  • Gentle aggregation of interstellar dust in the protosolar nebula likely formed the cometary nucleus without extensive homogenization.