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Updated: Oct 4, 2026

A CO2 Concentration Gradient Facility for Testing CO2 Enrichment and Soil Effects on Grassland Ecosystem Function
Published on: November 21, 2015
Mass transfer in the biological fast lane: high CO2 and a shallow root zone
1Department of Plants, Soils, and Biometeorology, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4820, USA.
Abstract:
Elevated atmospheric CO2, which is common in regenerative systems, increases photosynthesis, plant growth, and root respiration, which increases the O2 demand in the root zone. Closed systems must make efficient use of volume and thus have shallow root zones. The root density and O2 demand in these artificial systems is 10 to 100 times higher than in field environments. Rapid hydroponic flow rates supply O2 to the root zone, but anaerobic microsites occur because of nonuniform flow rates. Our measurements suggest that, probably because of low O2 in such microsites, up to 30% of the nitrogen can volatilize from denitrification. We improved nitrogen recovery to about 85% by increasing the solution flow rate and reducing the nitrate concentration in solution to 100 micromoles.
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