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Cardiovascular function in space flight.

A E Nicogossian1, J B Charles, M W Bungo

  • 1National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC.

Acta Astronautica
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
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Spaceflight alters heart rate regulation, with carotid baroreceptor function suppressed post-flight. This neural change contributes to orthostatic intolerance, impacting astronaut health.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Aerospace Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Orthostatic intolerance is a common issue for astronauts after space flight.
  • Fluid loading effectiveness decreases with longer mission durations.
  • Carotid baroreceptor function is crucial for regulating heart rate and blood pressure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of space flight on carotid baroreceptor function.
  • To understand the neural mechanisms contributing to post-flight orthostatic intolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a neck collar to stimulate carotid baroreceptors.
  • Examined 12 Space Shuttle crewmembers pre- and post-flight (4-5 day missions).
  • Measured changes in R-R interval versus carotid distending pressure to assess baroreceptor response.
Keywords:
NASA Center HQSNASA Center JSCNASA Discipline CardiopulmonaryNASA Discipline Number 00-00NASA Discipline Number 14-10NASA Program FlightNASA Program Space Physiology and Countermeasures

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Main Results:

  • Post-flight, resting heart rate was higher and baroreceptor function (R-R interval range and slope) was depressed.
  • These changes became significant by the second day post-flight and persisted.
  • Carotid baroreceptor function showed reduced responsiveness to orthostatic stimulation compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Space flight, particularly alterations in neural control mechanisms like carotid baroreceptor function, contributes to post-flight orthostatic intolerance.
  • Early space flight adaptation may involve central fluid shifts, followed by neural alterations.
  • Understanding these neural changes is key to mitigating post-flight cardiovascular issues.