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Related Experiment Videos

Simultaneous concentration and purification through gradient deformation chromatography.

A Velayudhan1, R L Hendrickson, M R Ladisch

  • 1Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.

Aiche Journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers
|May 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Mobile-phase additives can be nonlinearly retained, causing gradient deformation in chromatography. This study experimentally verifies these effects and demonstrates unusual peak shapes and concentration effects.

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chromatography

Background:

  • Mobile-phase additives in chromatography are typically assumed to be linearly retained or unretained.
  • Nonlinear retention of these modulators can lead to gradient deformation, impacting adsorbate peak shapes and elution.
  • Previous theoretical work highlighted the potential for nonlinear modulator adsorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally verify gradient deformation caused by nonlinear mobile-phase additive retention.
  • To investigate the impact of gradient deformation on adsorbate peak shapes and concentration.
  • To validate simulation models using independently determined modulator isotherm parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental verification of gradient deformation using reversed-phase chromatography with aqueous acetonitrile (ACN).
Keywords:
NASA Discipline Life Support SystemsNASA Discipline Number 93-10NASA Program NSCORTNon-NASA Center

Related Experiment Videos

  • Batch equilibrium studies using the layer model to determine ACN isotherm parameters.
  • Single-component and binary mixture injections of amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan) to observe peak behavior.

    • Main Results:

    • Gradient deformation was experimentally demonstrated and agreed with simulations.
    • Unusual adsorbate peak shapes were observed for phenylalanine, matching simulation predictions.
    • Simultaneous concentration and separation of a tryptophan-phenylalanine mixture were achieved, consistent with simulations.

    Conclusions:

    • Nonlinear adsorption of mobile-phase additives causes gradient deformation in chromatography.
    • This phenomenon leads to altered adsorbate peak shapes and potential for concentration effects.
    • The findings are applicable to reversed-phase, ion-exchange, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography.