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Related Experiment Videos

Calcium in gravitropism. A re-examination.

W Sinclair1, A J Trewavas

  • 1Institute of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Edinburgh, UK.

Planta
|September 7, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Calcium (Ca2+) plays a role in plant gravitropism, but its exact function remains unclear. New research explores how intracellular calcium and wall-bound calcium interact to influence plant growth responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • A strong link between calcium (Ca2+) and gravitropism has been assumed for over a decade.
  • Evidence suggests Ca2+ movement in the cell wall regulates extension growth, and intracellular Ca2+ mediates signaling in statocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the ambiguous role of Ca2+ in plant gravitropism.
  • To investigate the interplay between wall-bound Ca2+ and free intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in gravitropic responses.
  • To present new findings on cytosolic Ca2+ manipulation in tip-growing cells applicable to gravitropism.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing existing evidence on Ca2+ and gravitropism.
  • Discussing the limitations of current experimental approaches.
  • Proposing the use of transgenic aequorin targeted to columella cells for future research.
  • Presenting new data on cytosolic Ca2+ in tip-growing cells.

Main Results:

  • The precise mechanisms by which Ca2+ influences gravitropism are still uncertain.
  • Observed Ca2+ redistributions may not be sufficient to induce plant bending.
  • Direct evidence linking changes in [Ca2+]i to the initiation or transduction of gravitropic signals is lacking.
  • New information on cytosolic Ca2+ control in tip-growing cells is provided.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between Ca2+ and gravitropism is substantial but circumstantial.
  • Further research, particularly using advanced imaging technologies like transgenic aequorin, is needed to resolve the role of intracellular Ca2+.
  • Findings on tip-growing cells offer potential insights into gravitropic signaling models like the Chara rhizoid.

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