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Related Experiment Videos

Rheologically interesting polysaccharides from yeasts.

G R Petersen1, G A Nelson, C A Cathey

  • 1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91109, USA.

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Polysaccharide structure impacts drag reduction in turbulent flows. Specific linkages and secondary structures influence this property, with some polymers showing unique stability and viscosity relationships.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheology
  • Polymer Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Polysaccharides are known to reduce friction (drag) in turbulent flows.
  • Understanding the relationship between polysaccharide structure and drag reduction is crucial for optimizing their application.
  • Previous work by Hoyt established correlations between specific glycosidic linkages and drag reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationships between primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of polysaccharides and their drag-reducing properties.
  • To expand existing correlations to include secondary structure and sidechain effects.
  • To evaluate the stability of drag-reducing polysaccharides under denaturing conditions and their extensional viscosity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of polysaccharide structures (primary, secondary, tertiary).

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  • Measurement of drag reduction in turbulent flows.
  • Investigation of sidechain effects in gellan gums.
  • Assessment of polymer stability under denaturing conditions.
  • Extensional viscosity measurements.

    • Main Results:

    • An exopolysaccharide from Cryptococcus laurentii showed high molecular weight but lower than expected drag-reducing activity.
    • Correlations were expanded to include secondary structure, building on Hoyt's findings regarding glycosidic linkages.
    • Sidechain length and position affected drag reduction in gellan gums.
    • Disruption of secondary structure impacted drag reduction differently across various exopolysaccharides.
    • The C. laurentii polymer exhibited greater stability than xanthan gum under harsh denaturing conditions.
    • A direct relationship was observed between extensional viscosity and the drag-reducing coefficient for four exopolysaccharides.

    Conclusions:

    • Polysaccharide structure, including secondary structure and sidechain characteristics, significantly influences drag reduction.
    • The stability and rheological properties of drag-reducing polysaccharides vary, with C. laurentii exopolysaccharide showing notable stability.
    • Extensional viscosity is a key parameter directly related to the drag-reducing efficiency of exopolysaccharides.