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Gravity effects on cellulose assembly.

R M Brown1, K Kudlicka, S K Cousins

  • 1Department of Botany, The University of Texas at Austin, 78713-7640, USA.

American Journal of Botany
|November 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Microgravity exposure during parabolic flights caused splayed cellulose ribbons in Acetobacter xylinum. This suggests altered crystalline structure or reduced hydrogen bonding, requiring further spaceflight studies.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Acetobacter xylinum synthesizes microbial cellulose, a biopolymer with diverse applications.
  • Understanding cellular processes under altered gravity is crucial for space exploration and biotechnology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of short-term microgravity and hypergravity on cellulose synthesis by Acetobacter xylinum.
  • To analyze structural changes in microbial cellulose produced under parabolic flight conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized NASA's KC-135 Reduced Gravity Laboratory for parabolic flights.
  • Initiated and terminated cellulose biosynthesis during microgravity and 2x gravity phases.
  • Employed in-flight video microscopy to observe bacterial behavior and cellulose ribbon morphology.
Keywords:
NASA Discipline Plant BiologyNon-NASA Center

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Main Results:

  • Ground and in-flight controls showed normal cellulose ribbons.
  • Parabolic flight phases consistently resulted in splayed cellulose ribbons compared to controls.
  • Bacterial synthesis of cellulose continued throughout all phases of the parabolic flight.

Conclusions:

  • The microgravity/hypergravity combination during parabolic flights alters cellulose ribbon structure, leading to splaying.
  • Observed splaying may indicate reduced intermicrofibrillar hydrogen bonding rather than altered synthesis rates.
  • Further long-term microgravity studies during actual spaceflight are needed to fully elucidate these effects.