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Automation, task difficulty, and aircrew performance.

C Bowers1, C Thornton, C Braun

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, USA.

Military Psychology : the Official Journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association
|September 7, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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An autopilot reduced workload but did not improve team performance in a simulated flight. Problem-solving suffered under high workload with automation, suggesting coordination trade-offs in aviation systems.

Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Aviation Psychology

Background:

  • Automated systems are increasingly integrated into complex operational environments.
  • Understanding the impact of automation on team dynamics and performance is crucial for system design and training.
  • Previous research indicates mixed results regarding automation's effect on crew performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of an autopilot system on team processes and performance in a simulated emergency-response scenario.
  • To investigate how workload levels (low and high) interact with automation to influence crew behavior and outcomes.
  • To explore the potential trade-offs between workload reduction and performance changes due to automation.

Main Methods:

  • A laboratory simulation involving two-person crews performing a complex emergency-response flight task.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of crew performance and processes with and without autopilot assistance under varying workload conditions.
  • Analysis of subjective workload ratings, objective performance measures, and crew process data.

    • Main Results:

    • The autopilot effectively reduced subjective workload across conditions.
    • Overall performance improvement was limited, with gains observed in only one of four measures.
    • Problem-solving performance significantly worsened in the autopilot condition during high-workload scenarios.
    • Crew process data suggested that workload savings were potentially reallocated to increased explicit coordination.

    Conclusions:

    • While automation can alleviate workload, it does not guarantee performance enhancement and may even degrade specific critical functions like problem-solving under high demand.
    • The findings highlight the importance of considering how automation influences team coordination and cognitive resource allocation.
    • Implications for military aviation include the need for careful system design, targeted training, and a nuanced understanding of automation's role in crew performance.