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Biomineralization in coccolithophores.
1Department of Basic Sciences, University of Texas, Houston Health Science Center 77030, USA.
Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin : Publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology
|September 7, 2001
Summary
Coccolithophores, marine algae, offer insights into how gravity affects biomineralization. Studying their calcite scale (coccolith) formation reveals processes like ion transport, nucleation, and crystal growth.
Area of Science:
- Biomineralization
- Marine Biology
- Gravitational Biology
Background:
- Coccolithophores are unicellular marine algae.
- They produce calcite scales called coccoliths.
- Mutants with mineral defects are available for study.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the effects of Earth's gravity on coccolith mineralization.
- To summarize current knowledge on coccolith formation phases.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing research on coccolith mineralization.
- Focus on Pleurochrysis carterae and Emiliania huxleyi.
Main Results:
- Coccolith formation involves ion transport, nucleation, and crystal growth.
- These processes occur within specialized Golgi-derived vesicles.
- Mineral defects can impact orientation, morphology, number, and size.
Conclusions:
- Coccolithophores are valuable models for studying biomineralization under gravity.
- Further research can elucidate gravity's role in biological calcite formation.