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Redox Reactions

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2026

Original Experimental Approach for Assessing Transport Fuel Stability

Original Experimental Approach for Assessing Transport Fuel Stability

Published on: October 21, 2016

The Mars oxidant experiment (MOx) for Mars '96.

C P McKay¹, F J Grunthaner, A L Lane

¹Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.

Planetary and Space Science

|September 7, 2001

Summary

The Mars Oxidation (MOx) instrument studied Martian soil reactivity by exposing thin films to the environment. It assessed organic degradation and potential oxidants, informing future Mars exploration instruments.

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Area of Science:

Planetary Science
Astrobiology
Materials Science

Background:

The Martian environment's reactivity is crucial for understanding potential habitability and guiding future missions.
Previous experiments, like those by Viking, suggested reactive soil components, necessitating further characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the reactive nature of Martian soil.
To measure organic degradation rates in the Martian environment.
To investigate the cause of reactions observed in Viking biology experiments and assess soil/atmospheric reactivity.

Main Methods:

Development of the Mars Oxidation (MOx) instrument.
Exposure of various thin films (organics, metals, semiconductors) to the Martian soil and atmosphere.
Monitoring physical and chemical changes using optical reflectance as the primary sensing mode.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the MOx instrument's capability to monitor material degradation.
Laboratory simulations confirmed thin film responses to active oxidants, providing a baseline for Martian conditions.
Provided data on the reactivity of Martian soil and atmosphere.

Conclusions:

The MOx instrument successfully characterized Martian soil reactivity and organic degradation.
Findings contribute to understanding potential oxidants in Martian soil, relevant to past life detection experiments.
The study advanced technologies for future in-situ soil analysis instrumentation on Mars.