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Hematological and immunological changes during space flight.

A Cogoli1

  • 1Laboratorium fur Biochemie, ETH-Zentrum, Zurich, Switzerland.

Acta Astronautica
|September 1, 1981
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Astronauts experience reduced red blood cell and hemoglobin mass, alongside decreased T-lymphocyte reactivity, after space missions. Immune system adaptation to spaceflight appears to occur in two distinct stages.

Area of Science:

  • Space Medicine
  • Hematology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Spaceflight induces significant physiological changes in astronauts.
  • Hematological and immunological alterations are key concerns for crewed space missions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize principal hematological and immunological changes in astronauts post-spaceflight.
  • To investigate the adaptation stages of the immune system during prolonged space missions.
  • To explore the impact of varying gravitational forces on lymphocyte activity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of hematological and immunological data from US and Soviet space missions.
  • Analysis of immune response during Salyut-6 missions (96 and 140 days).
  • In vitro experiments on human lymphocytes under simulated gravitational conditions (high-g and low-g).

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Main Results:

  • Observed reductions in red blood cell mass (2-21%) and hemoglobin mass (12-33%), with a concurrent plasma volume loss (4-16%).
  • Constant erythrocyte and hemoglobin concentrations suggest a feedback mechanism.
  • Reduced T-lymphocyte reactivity indicates immune system impairment, with a two-stage adaptation process during spaceflight.
  • In vitro studies show high-g enhances, while low-g depresses lymphocyte activity.

Conclusions:

  • Spaceflight leads to significant hematological changes and a progressive weakening of the immune response.
  • Gravitational forces play a crucial role in modulating lymphocyte function.
  • Further research on Spacelab is planned to investigate these spaceflight-induced adaptations.