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Nutrient-substituted hydroxyapatites: synthesis and characterization.

D C Golden1, D W Ming

  • 1Lockheed-Martin Corp., Houston, TX 77258-8561, USA. d.c.golden1@jsc.nasa.gov

Soil Science Society of America Journal. Soil Science Society of America
|September 7, 2001
PubMed
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Synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) was engineered to include essential nutrients like magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S), functioning as a slow-release fertilizer. This nutrient-substituted HA offers a promising solution for sustainable agriculture in controlled environments.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Agricultural Science
  • Astrobiology

Background:

  • Controlled-environment agriculture is crucial for long-duration space missions.
  • Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a calcium phosphate mineral with potential applications in nutrient delivery.
  • Incorporating essential elements into HA could create advanced slow-release fertilizers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize nutrient-substituted hydroxyapatite (NHA) and nutrient-substituted carbonate hydroxyapatite (NCHA).
  • To incorporate magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and various micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, B, Cl) into the HA structure.
  • To evaluate the potential of these synthesized apatites as slow-release fertilizers.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of HA, CHA, NHA, and NCHA via precipitation from solution.
Keywords:
NASA Center JSCNASA Discipline Life Support Systems

Related Experiment Videos

  • Chemical and mineralogical analysis to confirm nutrient incorporation and absence of impurities.
  • Particle size and shape analysis using electron microscopy.
  • X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm structural substitution by analyzing d[002] spacing.
  • DTPA (Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) extraction to quantify bioavailable micronutrients.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful incorporation of a significant fraction of added cations into the HA structure without mineral impurities.
    • Particle size ranged from 1 to 40 nm, decreasing with increased nutrient substitution.
    • Particle shape varied: elongated for HA and NHA, more spherical for CHA and NCHA.
    • Confirmation of ion substitution through decreased d[002] spacing in XRD patterns.
    • DTPA-extractable micronutrient levels varied widely based on substitution levels (e.g., Cu: 8–8429 mg kg-1, Zn: 57–1279 mg kg-1).

    Conclusions:

    • Nutrient-substituted HA (NHA) can be synthesized with essential plant nutrients incorporated into its structure.
    • These nutrient-substituted apatites demonstrate potential as effective slow-release fertilizers for delivering Ca, P, Mg, S, and micronutrients.
    • The findings support the development of advanced fertilizer materials for controlled-environment agriculture, including space outposts.