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Matrix metalloproteinases: they're not just for matrix anymore!
1Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 771 PRB, 23rd and Pierce, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6840, USA.
Abstract:
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been viewed as bulldozers, destroying the extracellular matrix to permit normal remodeling and contribute to pathological tissue destruction and tumor cell invasion. More recently, the identification of specific matrix and non-matrix substrates for MMPs and the elucidation of the biological consequence of cleavage indicates that perhaps MMPs should be viewed more as pruning shears, playing sophisticated roles in modulating normal cellular behavior, cell-cell communication and tumor progression.
Insights
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were once seen as destructive enzymes. New research reveals MMPs act more like precise pruning shears, modulating cellular behavior and tumor progression.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes traditionally associated with extracellular matrix degradation.
- Their role was primarily understood in tissue remodeling and pathological processes like tumor invasion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To re-evaluate the functional roles of MMPs beyond matrix degradation.
- To explore the sophisticated functions of MMPs in cellular processes.
Main Methods:
- Identification of specific matrix and non-matrix substrates for MMPs.
- Elucidation of the biological consequences of MMP-mediated cleavage.
Main Results:
- MMPs cleave a wider range of substrates than previously recognized.
- MMP activity influences normal cellular behavior and communication.
Conclusions:
- MMPs function as precise regulators, akin to pruning shears, rather than solely destructive enzymes.
- MMPs play critical roles in modulating cell-cell communication and tumor progression.