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Updated: Sep 17, 2026

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2
Published on: April 9, 2009
Vaccinia virus late transcription is activated in vitro by cellular heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins
C F Wright1, B W Oswald, S Dellis
1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA. wrightcf@musc.edu
Abstract:
Vaccinia virus gene expression is temporally regulated, and three gene classes have been identified: early, intermediate, and late. Several virus-encoded proteins and an activity designated VLTF-X are required for maximum transcription in vitro of a template containing a late promoter. VLTF-X is present in both cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts prepared from uninfected mammalian cells and co-purifies with a late promoter DNA-binding activity. Here, extensive purification of VLTF-X has revealed that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1 and RBM3 co-purified with in vitro late transcription stimulation. Overexpression and purification of these proteins from Escherichia coli demonstrated that they both complemented for VLTF-X activity in in vitro transcription reactions. These studies identify two host cell factors potentially contributing to poxvirus replication in vivo.
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