Reference values for lead and cadmium in blood of Czech population

This study aimed at determining blood concentrations of lead (B-Pb) and cadmium (B-Cd) in a group of 1215 healthy blood donors (895 males, 320 females) and 758 children (397 boys, 361 girls) aged 10 years, sampled in 1996-1998 in four districts of the Czech Republic. The analysis was performed using atomic absorption spectrometry. The median B-Pb values were lower in children (34 mg/L) than in adults. In the group of adults, the level was significantly higher in men (46 mg/L) than in women (29 mg/L). In none of the groups the 90th percentile exceeded the value of 100 mg/L. The B-Cd values in adults depended on smoking habit (median non-smokers: 0.5 mg/L, male smokers--1.2 mg/L, female smokers--1.0 mg/L). In children, more than 50% of values were under the limit of detection. The obtained values were used to propose reference values for the Czech population.