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Reported participation in case-control studies: changes over time.

S H Olson1

  • 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Box 44, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA. olsons@mskcc.org

American Journal of Epidemiology
|September 11, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Participation in case-control studies has not declined. A review of epidemiologic studies found that reported response rates for cases and controls remained stable over time, indicating consistent participant engagement in research.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health Research Methods

Background:

  • Concerns exist regarding declining participation in case-control studies.
  • Participant recruitment and retention are crucial for the validity of observational studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate trends in participation rates in case-control studies over time.
  • To determine if reported response rates have changed between earlier and later periods.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 82 US and Canadian case-control studies published in epidemiologic journals.
  • Data collected between 1972 and 1996, spanning two publication periods: 1988-1990 and 1997-1999.
  • Statistical analysis using regression to assess the relationship between year of data collection and response rates, adjusting for confounders like study location and disease type.

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Main Results:

  • Reported response rates for both cases and controls remained largely constant over the study periods.
  • Small, non-significant changes in response rates per year for cases (0.15 percentage points) and controls (-0.16 percentage points).
  • After adjusting for confounders, case response showed no association with data collection year; control response showed a slight, non-significant decline (-0.44 percentage points per year), potentially linked to changes in study locations.

Conclusions:

  • Overall reported response rates in case-control studies have remained stable over time.
  • While control response rates may show a slight decline in some analyses, this is potentially explained by shifts in study locations rather than a general decrease in willingness to participate.