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Inflammation

Inflammation

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

Published on: May 6, 2014

PPARS in inflammation, atherosclerosis and thrombosis.

H Duez¹, J C Fruchart, B Staels

¹UR545 INSERM, Départment d'Athérosclérose, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lille, France.

Journal of Cardiovascular Risk

|September 12, 2001

Summary

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) regulate lipid metabolism and inflammation. PPARalpha and PPARgamma play key roles in managing atherosclerosis by influencing immune responses and blood clot formation.

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Area of Science:

Molecular biology
Cardiovascular research
Metabolic diseases

Background:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors regulating key metabolic and inflammatory pathways.
PPARalpha and PPARgamma subtypes have distinct roles in lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and adipogenesis.
PPARs are expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and influence inflammatory cell recruitment and lipid handling.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the multifaceted roles of PPARalpha and PPARgamma in atherosclerosis.
To elucidate the impact of PPARs on immunoregulation, vascular inflammation, and thrombosis.
To highlight the therapeutic potential of PPARs in cardiovascular disease.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on PPARalpha and PPARgamma functions in atherosclerosis.
Analysis of gene expression and cellular mechanisms regulated by PPARs.
Examination of pharmacological and natural activators of PPARs.

Main Results:

PPARalpha promotes fatty acid oxidation, while PPARgamma enhances adipogenesis and lipid storage.
Both PPAR subtypes improve glucose homeostasis and modulate inflammatory cell behavior in atherosclerotic lesions.
PPARs regulate macrophage lipid metabolism via scavenger receptors and reverse cholesterol transport.
PPARs influence thrombogenicity, impacting plaque stability and rupture risk.

Conclusions:

PPARs are critical regulators of atherosclerosis, impacting both metabolic and vascular aspects.
Targeting PPARalpha and PPARgamma offers potential therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
Further research into PPAR-mediated immunoregulation and thrombosis is warranted.