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Related Concept Videos

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a DNA...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
09:07

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

Published on: June 21, 2016

Ras induces elevation of E2F-1 mRNA levels.

E Berkovich1, D Ginsberg

  • 1Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|September 12, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Ras activation boosts E2F-1 (a cell proliferation regulator) levels by increasing mRNA stability, independent of retinoblastoma. This reveals a new link between Ras and the E2F pathway, crucial for cell transformation.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Ras and E2F-1 are key regulators of cell proliferation.
  • Ras and E2F-1 can collaborate in cell transformation.
  • The interplay between Ras and the retinoblastoma/E2F pathway is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of activated Ras on E2F-1 expression.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking Ras and the retinoblastoma/E2F pathway.
  • To understand how Ras and E2F-1 collaborate in cell transformation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of E2F-1 mRNA and protein levels following Ras activation.
  • Investigation of MEK and PKB involvement in Ras-induced E2F-1 up-regulation.
  • Assessment of retinoblastoma's role in the Ras-E2F-1 interaction.

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Last Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
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Published on: June 21, 2016

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Single Cell Analysis Of Transcriptionally Active Alleles By Single Molecule FISH

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  • Studies on mRNA stability and transcriptional activity.

    • Main Results:

    • Activated Ras increases E2F-1 mRNA and protein levels.
    • This increase is dependent on MEK and PKB, but independent of retinoblastoma.
    • Ras up-regulates E2F-1 mRNA by enhancing its stability.
    • Ras activation leads to elevated levels of transcriptionally active E2F-1.

    Conclusions:

    • A novel functional link exists between Ras and the retinoblastoma/E2F pathway.
    • Ras-induced elevation of transcriptionally active E2F-1 is a mechanism for Ras/E2F-1 collaboration.
    • These findings provide insights into the regulation of cell proliferation and transformation.