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Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, eczema, and sensitization in two areas with differing climates.

B Hesselmar1, B Aberg, B Eriksson

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, University of Göteborg, Sweden. bill.hesselmar@medfak.gu.se

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
|September 14, 2001
PubMed
Summary

This study found allergic diseases were equally common in mild and Arctic climates, but sensitization was higher in the Arctic. Early life factors influenced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and sensitization risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Pediatric Allergy
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Climate and environmental factors may influence the development of allergic diseases.
  • Understanding regional variations in allergic disease prevalence is crucial for public health.
  • Previous research suggests a link between indoor climate and sensitization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the prevalence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, eczema, and sensitization in children from two Swedish regions with different climates.
  • To investigate the association between background factors and allergic diseases.
  • To assess changes in allergic disease prevalence over a 5-year period.

Main Methods:

  • A 5-year follow-up study of a population-based cohort of 7-8-year-old children.

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  • Data collection through questionnaires and interviews.
  • Skin-prick testing for sensitization to common aero-allergens.

    • Main Results:

    • At follow-up (12-13 years old), prevalence was 17% for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, 23% for eczema, and 32% for sensitization.
    • Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema prevalence did not differ between Göteborg (mild climate) and Kiruna (Arctic climate).
    • Sensitization was significantly more common in Kiruna than in Göteborg. Children born during pollen season had lower rates of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and sensitization.

    Conclusions:

    • Climate alone does not fully explain the prevalence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema.
    • Environmental factors, potentially including indoor climate and antigen exposure levels, play a role in sensitization.
    • Early life exposure patterns may influence the development of specific allergic sensitivities.