Experimental models to investigate the pathology of antisperm antibodies: approaches and problems

Antisperm antibodies (ASA) can interfere with sperm function and fertilization. But we still know relatively little about the specific mechanisms that elicit an auto-immune response and we have a poor appreciation of the profile of ASA that lead to antibody-mediated infertility in the male. This brief review explores some of the experimental models, the current approaches and the problems associated with investigations of ASA.