Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2026

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
00:07

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: August 24, 2019

Cardiopulmonary exercise performance in adult survivors of the Mustard procedure

S J Hechter1, G Webb, P M Fredriksen

  • 1Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults, The Toronto General Hospital, Ontario, Canada.

Cardiology in the Young
|September 18, 2001
PubMed

Insights

Adults who underwent the Mustard procedure have reduced exercise capacity and lower oxygen uptake. Impaired lung function and chronotropic incompetence may contribute to these findings in Mustard procedure patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Adult Congenital Heart Disease
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • The Mustard procedure is a palliative surgical intervention for d-transposition of the great arteries.
  • Most patients with the Mustard procedure are now adults, yet data on their long-term hemodynamics during exercise is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe resting and exercise hemodynamic parameters in a large adult population post-Mustard procedure.
  • To assess exercise capacity and identify factors influencing it in adults with the Mustard procedure.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 84 adult patients with the Mustard procedure who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
  • Assessment of right ventricular size and function using magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography.
  • Comparison of exercise parameters with a healthy population.

Main Results:

  • Patients demonstrated lower maximal oxygen uptake, maximal heart rate, and lung function compared to healthy controls.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging revealed significantly different right ventricular ejection fractions in patients.
  • No correlation found between operative variables or preoperative hemodynamics and current exercise capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Adults following the Mustard procedure exhibit subnormal exercise capacities.
  • Potential contributing factors include chronotropic incompetence, peripheral deconditioning, and impaired lung function.
  • Further research is needed to optimize management strategies for these patients.

Related Concept Videos

Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation I: Adult01:21

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation I: Adult

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, is a life-saving emergency procedure performed when a person's heart has stopped beating or they are no longer breathing. The foundation of CPR is Basic Life Support (BLS), which focuses on the early recognition of cardiac arrest, the immediate start of high-quality chest compressions, and the timely use of an automated external defibrillator (AED).Assessing Responsiveness and Checking the Carotid PulseWhen approaching an unresponsive person, first ensure...
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...