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Related Experiment Videos

Factors affecting smoking in schizophrenia.

S Beratis1, A Katrivanou, P Gourzis

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Patras Medical School, 265 00 Rion, Patras, Greece.

Comprehensive Psychiatry
|September 18, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Smoking is more common in schizophrenia patients than the general population, particularly in males and specific subtypes. Smoking often begins before schizophrenia onset, suggesting a complex relationship influenced by gender and subtype.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is frequently associated with a higher prevalence of smoking compared to the general population.
  • Understanding smoking patterns across schizophrenia subtypes and its relationship with disease onset is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate smoking frequency, initiation, and patterns in patients with schizophrenia in relation to gender and subtype.
  • To explore the temporal relationship between smoking initiation and the onset of schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 406 patients diagnosed with DSM-IV schizophrenia were interviewed.
  • Data collected included smoking status, gender, schizophrenia subtype, and factors influencing or influenced by smoking.

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  • Statistical analyses compared smoking rates and initiation timing between patient groups and general population controls.

    • Main Results:

    • Schizophrenia patients exhibited a significantly higher smoking frequency (58%) than the general population (42%).
    • Male patients smoked more frequently than male controls; this difference was not significant for female patients.
    • Smoking rates varied by subtype, being higher in paranoid, undifferentiated, and residual subtypes, but not in disorganized or catatonic subtypes.
    • Smoking frequency correlated positively with positive symptoms and negatively with negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
    • Smoking initiation occurred before disease onset in 86% of patients, with initiation at 18.7 years and onset at 24.1 years.

    Conclusions:

    • Smoking is significantly more prevalent in schizophrenia patients, with notable differences across gender and subtypes.
    • The findings suggest that smoking in schizophrenia is influenced by gender and subtype, but the exact nature of this association is unclear.
    • The early onset of smoking relative to disease onset indicates a complex interplay that warrants further investigation.