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Lung cancer screening: an update.

P M Marcus1

  • 1Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7354, USA. pm145q@nih.gov

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
|September 19, 2001
PubMed
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Lung cancer screening may lead to overdiagnosis of non-critical tumors. Mass screening using low-dose spiral computed tomography (CT) is not yet recommended due to a lack of mortality data.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Lung cancer screening is a critical area of research.
  • Overdiagnosis is a potential concern in screening programs.
  • Low-dose spiral computed tomography (CT) is a developing screening tool.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review findings on overdiagnosis in lung cancer screening.
  • To evaluate the evidence for mass lung cancer screening using spiral CT.
  • To describe the ongoing Lung Screening Study.

Main Methods:

  • Extended mortality follow-up analysis of the Mayo Lung Project.
  • Discussion of evidence supporting mass screening with spiral CT.
  • Description of a randomized controlled trial (Lung Screening Study).

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Main Results:

  • Findings suggest overdiagnosis may occur in lung cancer screening.
  • Absence of mortality data for spiral CT indicates it should not be advocated for mass screening currently.

Conclusions:

  • Overdiagnosis is a potential risk of lung cancer screening.
  • More data is needed before advocating mass screening with spiral CT.
  • The Lung Screening Study will provide further insights.