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Related Concept Videos

RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
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Relative Stabilities of Alkenes

The relative stability of alkenes can be determined by comparing their heats of hydrogenation. The lower heat of hydrogenation indicates the more stable alkene.  The three main factors determining the relative stability of alkenes are i) the number of substituents attached to the double-bond carbon atoms, ii) hyperconjugation, and iii) the stereochemistry of the double bond.
Stability of Conjugated Dienes01:28

Stability of Conjugated Dienes

Introduction
A comparison of the enthalpies of hydrogenation of dienes reveals that conjugated dienes release less heat on hydrogenation, rendering them more stable than their nonconjugated analogs.

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Steady-state, Pre-steady-state, and Single-turnover Kinetic Measurement for DNA Glycosylase Activity
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On the stability of double stranded nucleic acids.

D N Dubins1, A Lee, R B Macgregor

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 19 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S2, Canada.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 20, 2001
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces the first pressure-temperature phase diagram for double-stranded nucleic acids. It reveals pressure can stabilize or destabilize DNA, with effects depending on the nucleic acid

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • The thermodynamic stability of nucleic acid duplexes is influenced by temperature and pressure.
  • The denaturation temperature at atmospheric pressure (T(M)) is a critical factor.
  • Understanding these influences is key to comprehending nucleic acid structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the first pressure-temperature phase diagram for the helix-to-coil transition in double-stranded nucleic acids.
  • To investigate the impact of pressure on DNA, RNA, and DNA/RNA hybrid duplex stability.
  • To explore pressure-induced denaturation of nucleic acids.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a pressure-temperature phase diagram for nucleic acid duplexes.
  • High-pressure UV melting experiments were conducted on various nucleic acid duplexes.
  • Modulation of duplex T(M) values by adjusting solution ionic strength.

Main Results:

  • The phase diagram illustrates that pressure's effect on DNA stability is dependent on T(M), pressure, and temperature.
  • Polymeric duplexes were destabilized by pressure below approximately 50°C T(M) and stabilized above.
  • A DNA/RNA hybrid duplex exhibited pressure-induced helix-to-coil transition at room temperature.

Conclusions:

  • Pressure can significantly alter the conformational state of nucleic acid duplexes.
  • The findings provide novel insights into the molecular forces governing nucleic acid structure.
  • This work demonstrates the first instance of pressure-induced denaturation in a nucleic acid duplex.