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Caterpillar talk: acoustically mediated territoriality in larval Lepidoptera
J E Yack1, M L Smith, P J Weatherhead
1Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada. jy83@cornell.edu
Summary
Caterpillars, like the Drepana arcuata moth, use sound to communicate and defend territories. This acoustic signaling helps resolve disputes without physical harm, potentially common in insects.
Area of Science:
- Zoology
- Entomology
- Animal Behavior
Background:
- Acoustic communication is well-documented in vertebrates but less explored in insects.
- Caterpillars (larvae) are typically considered to communicate primarily through chemical or visual cues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the presence and function of acoustic communication in caterpillar larvae.
- To determine if sound production plays a role in territorial defense in Drepana arcuata caterpillars.
Main Methods:
- Observing staged interactions between resident and intruder caterpillars in controlled environments.
- Analyzing the acoustic signals produced during territorial disputes.
- Documenting the outcomes of these interactions, including nest defense and displacement.
Main Results:
- Drepana arcuata caterpillars produce distinct sounds by drumming and scraping mandibles and specialized anal structures.
- These acoustic displays function as ritualized signals during territorial disputes between conspecifics.
- Resident caterpillars usually won territorial contests, but larger intruders could displace residents, indicating a territorial function for the acoustic signaling.
Conclusions:
- Conspecific acoustic communication is evidenced in Drepana arcuata caterpillars, serving a territorial function.
- Ritualized acoustic signaling allows for dispute resolution, minimizing physical harm.
- Larval acoustic signaling may be widespread across Lepidoptera, representing a principal communication mode.
