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Efficacy of single-dose SA 14-14-2 vaccine against Japanese encephalitis: a case control study

M B Bista1, M K Banerjee, S H Shin

  • 1Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Lancet (London, England)
|September 21, 2001
PubMed

Insights

A single dose of the SA 14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine demonstrated 99.3% efficacy in preventing JE in children. This confirms that one dose is highly effective, even when administered shortly before potential exposure to the virus.

Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The SA 14-14-2 live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine has been administered to 120 million children in China since 1989.
  • Previous studies indicated high efficacy for two doses (98%) and suggested high efficacy for a single dose.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm the high efficacy of a single dose of the SA 14-14-2 live-attenuated JE vaccine.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the JE vaccine in a real-world setting in Nepal.

Main Methods:

  • A matched case-control study was conducted in Nepal between July and August 1999.
  • 160,000 children aged 1-15 years received the JE vaccine.
  • Cases of JE were identified through hospital records, and vaccination status was compared to age-sex matched village controls.

Main Results:

  • 20 children with confirmed JE were identified in vaccine-receiving villages.
  • None of the JE cases had received the vaccine.
  • Vaccination coverage among controls was 326 out of 557.
  • The efficacy of a single JE vaccine dose was calculated at 99.3% (CI 94.9-100%).

Conclusions:

  • A single dose of the SA 14-14-2 JE vaccine is highly efficacious.
  • The vaccine provides significant protection against Japanese encephalitis, even when given shortly before infection exposure.
Abstract

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