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Rubella seropositivity in the United States, 1988-1994
C A Dykewicz1, D Kruszon-Moran, G M McQuillan
1National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. cad3@cdc.gov
Summary
Rubella IgG antibody levels indicate immunity. The lowest rubella seropositivity (78%) was observed in those born 1970-1974, highlighting the need for continued vaccination efforts.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Immunology
- Public Health
Background:
- Rubella (German measles) is a contagious viral infection.
- Maintaining high rubella immunity is crucial for preventing outbreaks and congenital rubella syndrome.
- Understanding seropositivity trends informs public health vaccination strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the epidemiology of rubella seropositivity in the U.S. population.
- To identify risk factors associated with low rubella seropositivity.
- To assess immunity levels across different age groups.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994.
- Testing of serological samples for rubella IgG antibodies using enzyme immunoassay.
- Defining rubella seropositivity as a rubella IgG antibody level ≥10 IU.
Main Results:
- Overall rubella seropositivity rates varied by age: 92% (6-11 yrs), 83% (12-19 yrs), 85% (20-29 yrs), 89% (30-39 yrs), and ≥93% (≥40 yrs).
- The lowest seropositivity rate (78%) was found in the 1970-1974 birth cohort.
- Significant variations in immunity levels were observed across different age demographics.
Conclusions:
- International efforts, including widespread vaccination, are essential to eliminate rubella and congenital rubella syndrome.
- Targeted vaccination of preschool- and school-aged children, along with susceptible young adults, is critical.
- Sustained high population immunity is necessary to prevent rubella resurgence.