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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture
Published on: August 12, 2011
A non-hypoxic, ROS-sensitive pathway mediates TNF-alpha-dependent regulation of HIF-1alpha
1Oxygen Signaling Group, Tayside Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK. j.j.haddad@dundee.ac.uk
Abstract:
A non-hypoxic, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive pathway mediating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-dependent regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-alpha) was investigated in vitro. TNF-alpha mediated the translocation of HIF-1alpha, associated with up-regulating its activity under normoxia. Analysis of the mode of action of TNF-alpha revealed the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O(2-.)) and hydroxyl radical (.OH). Antioxidants purported as prototypical scavengers of H2O2 and .OH, attenuated TNF-alpha-induced HIF-1alpha activation, and blockading NADPH-oxidase by scavenging O(2-.) reduced the activity of HIF-1alpha. Inhibition of the mitochondrion complex I abrogated TNF-alpha-dependent activation of HIF-1alpha. Interrupting the respiratory chain reversed the excitatory effect of TNF-alpha on HIF-1alpha. These results indicate a non-hypoxic pathway mediating cytokine-dependent regulation of HIF-1alpha in a ROS-sensitive mechanism.
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