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Related Experiment Videos

Mechanisms underlying chlorhexidine-induced cytotoxicity.

E Hidalgo1, C Dominguez

  • 1Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Centre, Pharmacy Service, Vall d'Hebron Hospitals, Barcelona, Spain. ehidalgo@cs.vhebron.es

Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA
|September 22, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Chlorhexidine (CLX), a common antiseptic, causes skin irritation by depleting cell ATP and inhibiting DNA synthesis in dermal fibroblasts. Fetal calf serum (FCS) at 10% offers some protection against this toxicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cell Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Chlorhexidine (CLX) is a widely used antiseptic for skin and wound disinfection.
  • Topical application of CLX can lead to skin irritation.
  • Understanding CLX-induced toxicity mechanisms is crucial for safe clinical use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of Chlorhexidine (CLX)-induced toxicity in human dermal fibroblasts.
  • To identify factors that may mediate or counteract CLX's undesirable effects on skin cells.

Main Methods:

  • Human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to varying concentrations of CLX (0.00005-0.025%) for different durations (3-24 h).
  • Experiments were conducted with and without fetal calf serum (FCS) at concentrations of 2%, 5%, and 10%.

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  • Cellular ATP levels, DNA synthesis, and cell viability were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • CLX caused time- and concentration-dependent depletion of intracellular ATP, with significant effects at concentrations above 0.001%.
    • CLX inhibited DNA synthesis at concentrations as low as 0.0001%.
    • Fetal calf serum (FCS) at 10% demonstrated a cytoprotective effect against CLX-induced cytotoxicity, while lower concentrations showed no significant protection.

    Conclusions:

    • Chlorhexidine (CLX) toxicity in dermal fibroblasts involves ATP depletion and DNA synthesis inhibition.
    • The cytoprotective effect of FCS suggests a potential strategy to mitigate CLX-induced skin irritation.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate CLX's toxicological profile and develop safer formulations.