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Related Concept Videos

Joints01:26

Joints

Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
Characteristics of Dry Friction01:21

Characteristics of Dry Friction

Dry friction occurs when two solid surfaces slide against each other without any lubrication or fluid present. It causes resistance when pushing objects along a surface, like a gardener pushing a wheelbarrow. The force applied to move the cart causes dry friction between the wheel and the ground.
Before the wheelbarrow starts moving, the static frictional force acts tangentially to the contact surface, opposing the force that is about to induce the motion. This frictional force prevents the...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment
06:47

Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment

Published on: September 27, 2017

Rheumatoid arthritis.

D M Lee1, M E Weinblatt

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|September 25, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances in understanding rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis have led to new therapies. Future research aims to improve early diagnosis and personalize treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent systemic inflammatory joint disorder with significant societal impact.
  • The cellular and molecular mechanisms of RA pathogenesis are increasingly understood.
  • RA causes considerable disability, economic burden, and lost productivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in understanding rheumatoid arthritis pathophysiology.
  • To discuss improvements in therapeutic strategies for rheumatoid arthritis patients.
  • To highlight future directions in RA research and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular mechanisms in inflammatory synovitis.
  • Evaluation of clinical trial data for novel rheumatoid arthritis therapies.

Main Results:

  • Substantial progress in understanding RA pathophysiology over the past decade.
  • Development and demonstrated efficacy of new therapies for active RA disease.
  • Significant advances in treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis.

Conclusions:

  • Continued research is crucial for early diagnosis and identifying patients with progressive disease.
  • Future efforts will focus on optimizing the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).
  • Biotechnology and drug design offer hope for more potent and specific RA pharmacotherapies.