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Related Experiment Videos

Cellular adaptation to repeated eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage.

N Stupka1, M A Tarnopolsky, N J Yardley

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Metabolism Research Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|September 25, 2001
PubMed
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Repeated eccentric exercise reduces muscle damage and creatine kinase (CK) activity. Adaptations occur, but gender influences inflammatory responses, with women showing increased neutrophils after the second bout.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Muscle Biology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Eccentrically biased exercise causes skeletal muscle damage.
  • Repeated bouts of eccentric exercise lead to adaptations that attenuate damage.
  • The influence of gender on these adaptive responses is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ultrastructural damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and proteolysis markers following repeated eccentric exercise.
  • To determine if gender affects the adaptive response to eccentric exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Untrained males and females performed two bouts of eccentric leg press and knee extension exercises.
  • Muscle biopsies and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity were measured 24 hours post-exercise.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Muscle damage (Z-disk streaming), inflammatory cells (neutrophils, macrophages), and proteolysis markers (calpain, ubiquitin-conjugated protein) were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Repeated eccentric exercise attenuated post-exercise force deficit and serum CK activity.
    • Women exhibited lower serum CK activity than men, but similar force deficit.
    • Muscle neutrophil counts increased in women after the second bout, while macrophages increased in both genders.
    • Ubiquitin-conjugated protein content increased after both bouts, with a greater rise after bout 2.

    Conclusions:

    • Adaptations to eccentric exercise involve attenuated serum CK activity.
    • The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway may be upregulated following repeated eccentric exercise.
    • Gender influences inflammatory cell infiltration, suggesting differential adaptive responses.