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Mixture component effects on the in vitro dermal absorption of pentachlorophenol
J E Riviere1, G Qiao, R E Baynes
1Center for Cutaneous Toxicology and Residue Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA. Jim_Riviere@NCSU.EDU
Archives of Toxicology
|September 26, 2001
Summary
Chemical mixtures significantly alter skin absorption compared to single compounds. Pentachlorophenol absorption increased dramatically in mixtures, highlighting the importance of considering chemical interactions in dermal risk assessments.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Dermal Absorption
- Chemical Interactions
Background:
- Chemical mixtures can alter percutaneous absorption and skin disposition.
- Understanding these interactions is crucial for accurate dermal risk assessment.
- Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a readily absorbed compound used to study mixture effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of chemical mixtures on dermal absorption using Pentachlorophenol (PCP) as a marker.
- To characterize the effects of methyl nicotinate (MNA) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) on PCP skin penetration.
- To assess the dermal absorption of tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) and pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB) in the presence of mixture components.
Main Methods:
- Utilized in vitro porcine skin models to evaluate percutaneous absorption.
- Administered PCP in various formulations: ethanol alone, ethanol/water, and ethanol/water with MNA and/or SLS.
- Measured absorption of radiolabeled TCB and PCB congeners.
Main Results:
- Maximal PCP absorption was 14.12% in a mixture containing SLS, MNA, ethanol, and water, versus 1.12% in ethanol alone.
- Qualitative differences in absorption profiles were observed for different PCP mixtures.
- Absorption of TCB (0.14%) and PCB (0.05%) was negligible, precluding mixture effect analysis for these compounds.
Conclusions:
- Dermal absorption of chemicals in mixtures can differ significantly from single-compound exposure.
- The presence of surfactants and rubefacients can enhance the dermal absorption of certain compounds.
- TCB and PCB exhibit minimal dermal absorption in the tested in vitro model system.