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The DNA Helix01:16

The DNA Helix

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Studying Mitotic Checkpoint by Illustrating Dynamic Kinetochore Protein Behavior and Chromosome Motion in Living Drosophila Syncytial Embryos
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An electron microscopic study of mouse foldback DNA.

T R Cech, J E Hearst

    Cell
    |August 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Mouse foldback DNA forms rapid, intramolecular "hairpin" structures, visualized by electron microscopy. These structures, with varying stem and loop lengths, are abundant in the mouse genome and appear clustered.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genomics
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • Foldback DNA exhibits rapid, concentration-independent renaturation.
    • This behavior suggests intramolecular base pairing of inverted repeat sequences.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the structure of foldback DNA using electron microscopy.
    • To determine the abundance and genomic distribution of hairpin-forming sequences in mouse DNA.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation of foldback DNA from renatured mouse main band DNA using hydroxyapatite chromatography.
    • Visualization of DNA molecules using electron microscopy with the formamide isodenaturing technique.

    Main Results:

    • A significant fraction of foldback DNA molecules form intramolecular "hairpins" with base-paired stem regions and single-stranded loops.

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  • Stem regions average approximately 1000 base pairs; loops vary greatly in length or are absent.
  • Approximately 40,000 hairpin-forming sequences are present in the mouse haploid genome, appearing clustered rather than randomly distributed.

    • Conclusions:

    • Foldback DNA structures, primarily hairpins, are a notable feature of the mouse genome.
    • The clustered distribution suggests potential functional significance or specific organizational principles within the genome.