Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

52.4K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
52.4K
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

13.4K
Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
13.4K
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

3.7K
The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
3.7K
Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

734
Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus....
734
Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

916
Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
916
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

8.7K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
8.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mixed-dictionary models and variational inference in task fMRI for shorter scans and better image quality.

Medical image analysis·2022
Same author

Analyses of the Tympanic Membrane Impulse Response Measured with High-Speed Holography.

Hearing research·2021
Same author

R-fMRI reconstruction from k-t undersampled data using a subject-invariant dictionary model and VB-EM with nested minorization.

Medical image analysis·2020
Same author

Optimization of a lensless digital holographic otoscope system for transient measurements of the human tympanic membrane.

Experimental mechanics·2015
Same author

A memory clinic in a department of old-age psychiatry: Its role in clinical and academic research.

International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice·2014
Same author

Re: Response to Drs Carey et al.

Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery·2013
Same journal

High-resolution depth estimation for multiple wideband sources in deep sea via sparse Bayesian learninga).

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same journal

Depression markers in speech: An approach based on tract variables dynamics.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same journal

The oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) alters active and diurnal calling amid vessel noise in New York City.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same journal

Experimental noise characterisation of phase-locked tandem-rotor in edgewise flight.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same journal

The tune-text-temporal synergy: Prosodic effects of final segmental weakening in Neapolitan.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same journal

Monitoring vessel movement above critical offshore infrastructure using distributed acoustic sensing.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Endoscopic Cholesteatoma Surgery
08:47

Endoscopic Cholesteatoma Surgery

Published on: January 19, 2022

14.0K

Middle-ear function with tympanic-membrane perforations. II. A simple model.

S E Voss1, J J Rosowski, S N Merchant

  • 1Picker Engineering Program, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, USA. svoss@email.smith.edu

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|September 27, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new model of the human middle ear with tympanic membrane perforations shows hearing loss depends mainly on perforation size, sound frequency, and middle ear cavity volume.

More Related Videos

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation
06:59

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation

Published on: February 29, 2020

8.9K
Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat
06:27

Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat

Published on: October 26, 2019

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Endoscopic Cholesteatoma Surgery
08:47

Endoscopic Cholesteatoma Surgery

Published on: January 19, 2022

14.0K
Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation
06:59

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation

Published on: February 29, 2020

8.9K
Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat
06:27

Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat

Published on: October 26, 2019

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Acoustics
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Tympanic membrane (TM) perforations can cause hearing loss.
  • The exact mechanisms and contributing factors to hearing loss from TM perforations require further quantitative modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a quantitative acoustic model of the human middle ear with a TM perforation.
  • To identify the primary factors influencing hearing loss due to TM perforations.

Main Methods:

  • Acoustic measurements were performed on human cadaver ears.
  • A quantitative model was developed incorporating sound coupling through the perforation.
  • The model was constrained by experimental acoustic data.

Main Results:

  • Perforation-induced transmission changes are primarily due to altered driving pressure across the TM.
  • Changes in TM structure and ossicular coupling contribute less significantly.
  • Hearing loss is primarily dependent on perforation diameter, sound frequency, and middle ear cavity volume.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model accurately represents acoustic transmission changes in middle ears with TM perforations.
  • Model predictions can help clinicians differentiate hearing loss causes.
  • Understanding these factors aids in assessing the impact of perforations on hearing and potential additional pathologies.