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Anaesthesia and sleep apnoea
1Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown NSW, Australia.
Insights
Sleep disordered breathing, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), significantly impacts perioperative care. Anesthetists play a key role in identifying and managing these conditions to improve patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Anesthesiology
- Sleep Medicine
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is prevalent across all age groups.
- SDB has severe pathological consequences and significant perioperative implications.
- Research on surgery/anesthesia effects on sleep and SDB's perioperative impact is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the importance of recognizing SDB in perioperative management.
- To emphasize the role of anesthesiologists in screening for SDB.
- To underscore the need for careful perioperative management of patients with SDB.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and clinical observation synthesis.
- Analysis of SDB associations with medical conditions and syndromes.
- Identification of SDB signs and symptoms relevant to preoperative assessment.
Main Results:
- SDB is a common source of community morbidity.
- Difficulty with tracheal intubation or airway maintenance may indicate OSA.
- Perioperative management requires special attention for patients with diagnosed or suspected SDB.
Conclusions:
- Anesthetists are well-positioned to screen for SDB.
- Preoperative identification of SDB is crucial for management planning.
- Careful perioperative management is essential for patients with SDB.
Abstract:
Sleep disordered breathing is a common problem affecting all age groups, particularly in association with certain other medical conditions and syndromes. The pathological consequences of the disorder may be severe, with significant implications for the perioperative management of sufferers. Research into the effects of surgery and anaesthesia on sleep is very much in its infancy. Understanding of the implications of sleep disturbance and sleep disordered breathing for perioperative morbidity and mortality is limited. While several observations have led to considerable speculation in the literature, evidence of a causal relationship is still largely lacking. Anaesthetists are ideally placed to screen large numbers of people for sleep disordered breathing, a source of considerable community morbidity. Recognizing the symptoms, signs and associations of the condition during the preoperative visit is important in planning management, as is recognition of the likelihood of OSA in patients who present difficulty with tracheal intubation or airway maintenance. Particular care is required in the perioperative management of patients with diagnosed or suspected sleep apnoea.
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