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Should disability items in the census be used for planning services for elders?

R J Calsyn1, J P Winter, R D Yonker

  • 1Department of Gerontology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 63121, USA. robert_calsyn@umsl.edu

The Gerontologist
|September 28, 2001
PubMed
Summary

The 2000 Census disability questions showed moderate to good validity for assessing older adult needs, unlike the 1990 questions. This suggests the 2000 Census data may aid organizations in estimating service requirements.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Accurate disability assessment is crucial for resource allocation.
  • Census data is a potential source for estimating disability prevalence.
  • Previous census disability questions' utility for planning was uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the correlation between 1990/2000 Census disability questions and a standard disability measure.
  • To determine if census data can reliably inform service needs estimation for organizations like Area Agencies on Aging (AAA).

Main Methods:

  • Mailed surveys with census and standard disability questions to 4,508 older adults; 1,514 returned.
  • Conducted phone reinterviews with 472 respondents to assess reliability.
  • Categorized disability into: no needs, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) needs only, and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) needs.

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Main Results:

  • All three disability measures demonstrated moderate to good test-retest reliability.
  • The 1990 Census disability measure showed low validity (Kappa ≈ 0.35) against the standard measure.
  • The 2000 Census disability measure demonstrated moderate to good validity (Kappa ≈ 0.60).

Conclusions:

  • The 2000 Census disability questions appear sufficiently valid for planning service needs.
  • Further research with diverse older adult samples is recommended to confirm findings.