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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector
08:10

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

Published on: November 28, 2018

[Vaccination].

U B Graubner1, J Liese, B H Belohradsky

  • 1Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital, Lindwurmstr.4, 80337 München, Germany.

Klinische Padiatrie
|September 29, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric cancer patients often lose immunity after chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Vaccination guidelines vary, but inactivated vaccines are safe 12 months post-BMT, and live vaccines are safe 24 months post-BMT for eligible patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Infectious Disease Prophylaxis
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Vaccination is crucial for preventing infections in pediatric oncology patients.
  • Chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can lead to loss of long-term immunity.
  • Routine vaccination programs post-intensive chemotherapy lack prospective studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current vaccination recommendations for pediatric oncology patients post-chemotherapy and BMT.
  • To highlight safety and efficacy data for various vaccines in this population.
  • To identify areas of consensus and controversy in vaccination guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published recommendations from five official groups (STIKO, DGPI, QS-GPOH, EBMT, and US guidelines).
  • Analysis of safety and efficacy data for specific vaccines (varicella, tetanus, diphtheria, poliovirus, influenza, MMR).
  • Comparison of timing and conditions for vaccination post-chemotherapy and BMT.

Main Results:

  • Inactivated vaccines (tetanus, diphtheria, poliovirus, influenza) are safe and effective at least 12 months post-BMT.
  • Live attenuated vaccines (measles, mumps, rubella) are safe at least 24 months post-BMT for patients without chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and immunosuppression.
  • Recommendations for timing vary, with some groups suggesting 3-6 months off therapy for non-live vaccines and 6-24 months for live vaccines post-BMT or chemotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Vaccination is feasible and safe for pediatric oncology patients after intensive treatments.
  • Specific recommendations for timing and vaccine types exist, but consensus is lacking on certain aspects.
  • Further harmonization of guidelines is needed to address controversial questions regarding post-transplant and post-chemotherapy immunizations.