Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Sex Linked Disorders

Sex Linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...

Conduct Disorder

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...

Learning Disabilities

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Neuropsychology consultation to identify learning disorders in children and adolescents: a proposal based on lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence·2022

Same author

What is a processing speed weakness? Importance of cognitive ability when defining processing speed in a child psychiatric population.

Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence·2021

Same author

Absence of evidence for increase in risk for autism or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder following antidepressant exposure during pregnancy: a replication study.

Translational psychiatry·2016

Same author

Prenatal antidepressant exposure is associated with risk for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder but not autism spectrum disorder in a large health system.

Molecular psychiatry·2014

Same author

Executive functioning in high-IQ adults with ADHD.

Psychological medicine·2010

Same author

Neurocognitive impairment in unaffected siblings of youth with bipolar disorder.

Psychological medicine·2008

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Separating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities in girls: a familial risk analysis.

A E Doyle¹, S V Faraone, E P DuPre

¹Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Child Psychiatry Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA.

The American Journal of Psychiatry

|October 2, 2001

Summary

In girls, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disabilities share common familial risk factors. This suggests a genetic link, impacting families with ADHD and comorbid learning challenges.

More Related Videos

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Area of Science:

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Genetics
Child psychology

Background:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
Learning disabilities affect academic achievement in children.
The relationship between ADHD and learning disabilities, particularly in girls, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the familial risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disabilities in girls.
To determine if ADHD and learning disabilities share common genetic or familial risk factors in female subjects.

Main Methods:

Familial risk analysis was employed.
679 first-degree relatives of three groups of index girls were assessed for ADHD and learning disabilities.
Groups included girls with ADHD and comorbid learning disability, girls with ADHD only, and a control group.

Main Results:

ADHD risk was elevated in families of girls with ADHD, regardless of learning disability status.
Learning disability risk was elevated only in families of girls with both ADHD and a learning disability.
Evidence suggested potential cosegregation of ADHD and learning disabilities within families, though not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

The findings support shared familial risk factors for ADHD and learning disabilities in girls.
This suggests a potential genetic overlap between these conditions in the female population.
Results extend previous research on the comorbidity of ADHD and learning disabilities to female subjects.