Electron microscopy applications for quantitative cellular microbiology

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in analysing intracellular trafficking of pathogenic microorganisms. This field relies heavily on a wide range of approaches developed by cell biologists. However, one well-established approach that seems to be underused in cellular microbiology is electron microscopy (EM). In this article, we emphasize the power of state-of-the-art EM approaches, especially when used in conjunction with the quantitative approaches provided by stereology. Together, this combination of techniques can be exploited to pursue kinetic analyses of the intracellular pathways followed by microorganisms. In addition, it will provide a more detailed description of the antigenic composition of relevant structures than is possible by light microscopy (LM). Here, we will explain how EM, applied in an integrated approach with LM, has distinct advantages and can provide unique insights into the cellular fate of microorganisms.