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Methylamine in human urine.

S C Mitchell1, A Q Zhang

  • 1Molecular Toxicology, Section of Biological Chemistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College School of Medicine, South Kensington, SW7 2AZ, London, UK. s.c.mitchell@ic.ac.uk

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|October 3, 2001
PubMed
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This study establishes standard daily methylamine excretion values in healthy adults. Most methylamine in urine originates internally, with minimal dietary influence from foods like fish and certain fruits/vegetables.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Human Physiology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Methylamine, the simplest aliphatic amine, is present in human urine.
  • It is implicated in central nervous system disturbances during renal and hepatic diseases.
  • Methylamine also contributes to general toxicity associated with oxidative stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine standard daily urinary methylamine excretion values in a healthy population.
  • To identify potential dietary sources of methylamine.
  • To investigate the origin of methylamine in human urine.

Main Methods:

  • Collected 24-hour urine samples from 203 healthy volunteers (102 male, 101 female).
  • Conducted dietary studies where subjects consumed specific foods and precursors (betaine, carnitine, choline, creatinine, lecithin).

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  • Analyzed all urine samples for methylamine content.

    • Main Results:

    • Established average daily methylamine excretion at 11.00 +/- 8.17 mg.
    • Identified specific fish, seafood, fruits, and vegetables as potential dietary contributors.
    • Observed increased urinary methylamine levels after creatinine ingestion.

    Conclusions:

    • First study to establish standard daily methylamine excretion values for a large population.
    • Chemical and dietary precursor studies suggest endogenous origin is primary.
    • Dietary intake contributes only subtly to overall urinary methylamine levels.