Amperometric creatinine biosensor for hemodialysis patients.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Analytical Chemistry
• Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

• Creatinine is a key biomarker for assessing kidney function and renal insufficiency.
• Monitoring creatinine in hemodialysis effluent provides insights into treatment efficacy.
• Existing methods for creatinine measurement include Jaffé and enzymatic assays.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate novel enzyme sensors for creatinine determination.
• To assess the sensor's performance in measuring creatinine in serum, dialysate, and ultrafiltrate.
• To explore the potential for integrating this technology into disposable sensor platforms.

Main Methods:

• Enzyme sensors co-immobilized with creatinine amidohydrolase, creatine amidinohydrolase, and sarcosine oxidase were utilized.
• Amperometric detection of enzymatically generated hydrogen peroxide at a platinum electrode.
• Nafion membrane modification was employed to mitigate interference from electroactive compounds.

Main Results:

• The developed enzyme sensors demonstrated a linear detection range of 0.06-1.7 mg/dl for creatinine.
• Pathological creatinine concentrations up to 11 mg/dl were measurable with sample dilution.
• Excellent correlation was observed between the enzyme sensor results and conventional Jaffé and enzymatic methods.

Conclusions:

• The enzyme sensors show promise for accurate creatinine quantification in various biological matrices.
• The technology is suitable for monitoring kidney function and hemodialysis efficiency.
• Future work will focus on developing low-cost, disposable planar sensors based on this principle.