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CXCR4 is the primary receptor for feline immunodeficiency virus in astrocytes
K Nakagaki1, K Nakagaki, K Takahashi
1National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract:
Feline astrocytes were productively infected with the Crandell feline kidney (CrFK) cell-adapted feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) Petaluma strain in a primary culture. They expressed mRNA of CXCR4, and the FIV infection was blocked by stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha (SDF-1alpha), SDF-1beta, or the bicyclam AMD3100 in a dose-dependent manner. These observations suggest that, like FIV infection in CrFK cells and lymphocytes, the virus uses CXCR4 as a primary receptor for infecting astrocytes and this can be a possible natural model for AIDS dementia complex.
Insights
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infects astrocytes by using the CXCR4 receptor. Blocking this receptor with specific compounds prevents FIV infection, suggesting a model for AIDS dementia complex.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus that infects domestic cats.
- Astrocyte cells play crucial roles in the central nervous system.
- AIDS dementia complex is a neurological complication associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of CXCR4 as a receptor for FIV infection in feline astrocytes.
- To determine if blocking CXCR4 can inhibit FIV entry into astrocytes.
- To explore the potential of FIV-infected feline astrocytes as a model for AIDS dementia complex.
Main Methods:
- Primary feline astrocyte cultures were established.
- Cells were infected with the Crandell feline kidney (CrFK) cell-adapted FIV Petaluma strain.
- Expression of CXCR4 mRNA was analyzed.
- The effect of SDF-1alpha, SDF-1beta, and AMD3100 on FIV infection was assessed in a dose-dependent manner.
Main Results:
- Feline astrocytes were productively infected with FIV.
- Infected astrocytes expressed CXCR4 mRNA.
- FIV infection was significantly blocked by SDF-1alpha, SDF-1beta, and AMD3100 in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusions:
- Feline astrocytes utilize CXCR4 as a primary receptor for FIV entry.
- CXCR4 antagonists can inhibit FIV infection in astrocytes.
- This model system provides insights into FIV neuropathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies for FIV-associated neurological disorders.