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Globalization, diet, and health: an example from Tonga.

M Evans1, R C Sinclair, C Fusimalohi

  • 1Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H4. mevans@ualberta.ca

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
|October 5, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Globalization increases noncommunicable diseases. Educational programs promoting lifestyle changes may not effectively control diet-related diseases, as food choices are not solely based on preference or nutritional perception.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Global Health
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Globalization has increased the flow of goods and ideas, contributing to a rise in noncommunicable diseases worldwide.
  • Educational programs encouraging lifestyle changes are a common strategy to manage lifestyle-related diseases.
  • This approach assumes food preferences and consumption patterns can be altered through education.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between food preferences, nutritional perceptions, and consumption patterns in Tonga.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions for diet-related diseases in the context of globalization.
  • To inform health policy for economically marginal populations facing global trade impacts.

Main Methods:

  • A broad-based survey was conducted in the Kingdom of Tonga using questionnaires.

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  • Data collected included food preferences, perceived nutritional value, and consumption frequency for traditional and imported foods.
  • Analysis focused on the relationships between these factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Consumption of health-compromising imported foods was not correlated with food preferences.
    • Perceptions of nutritional value did not influence the consumption of imported, unhealthy foods.
    • Findings challenge the efficacy of education-based interventions for diet-related diseases.

    Conclusions:

    • Diet-related diseases may not be effectively managed through education campaigns alone.
    • Trade liberalization and global trade agreements limit the use of tariffs or import bans as control measures.
    • Addressing population health concerns requires understanding the complex effects of global trade on dietary patterns.