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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

21.0K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
21.0K
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

4.1K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
4.1K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

19.3K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
19.3K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

15.4K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
15.4K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

5.3K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
5.3K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

4.1K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
4.1K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
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Swollen liquid-crystalline lamellar phase based on extended solid-like sheets.

J C Gabriel1, F Camerel, B J Lemaire

  • 1Sciences Moléculaires aux Interfaces, FRE 2068 CNRS, 2 rue de Houssinière, BP 32229, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France. jeang@covalentmaterials.com

Nature
|October 5, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created novel mineral sheets forming a liquid-crystalline phase. This discovery allows tunable nanostructures for biomolecular analysis using NMR, advancing materials science.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Ordering nanoparticles at the nanoscale is a significant challenge in materials science.
  • Anisotropic particles, like those forming liquid crystals, exhibit self-assembly into ordered phases.
  • Mineral nanoparticles can form ordered mesophases, similar to organic liquid crystals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a novel lyotropic liquid-crystalline lamellar phase using mineral sheets.
  • To demonstrate the tunable periodicity of these nanostructures.
  • To explore their potential applications in biomolecular structure determination.

Main Methods:

  • Formation of a lyotropic liquid-crystalline lamellar phase with phosphatoantimonate sheets.
  • Tuning the spacing of single layers from 1.5 to 225 nanometres.
  • Investigating mechanical and magnetic alignment properties.

Main Results:

  • A novel lamellar phase of covalently bonded, planar, solid-like mineral sheets was synthesized.
  • The layer spacing was tunable over a 100-fold range, creating 1D structures.
  • These materials exhibit alignment capabilities across wide pH and temperature ranges.

Conclusions:

  • The developed phosphatoantimonate sheets form a versatile lyotropic lamellar phase with tunable periodicity.
  • Their alignment properties are suitable for structure determination of biomolecules via liquid-state NMR.
  • This approach is expected to lead to the discovery of new mineral lyotropic lamellar phases.