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The normal development of tibial torsion
L P Kristiansen1, R B Gunderson, H Steen
1National Hospital Orthopaedic Center, University of Oslo, Norway.
Skeletal Radiology
|October 6, 2001
Summary
Tibial torsion, a common pediatric orthopedic issue, develops significantly in the first four years of life. This study tracked normal tibial torsion progression using computed tomography (CT) in children and adults.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Orthopedics
- Radiology
- Human Anatomy
Background:
- Pathological tibial rotation is a recognized challenge in pediatric orthopedics.
- Understanding normal tibial torsion development is crucial for diagnosing and managing rotational deformities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the normal development of tibial torsion throughout childhood and into adulthood.
- To establish normative data for tibial torsion using computed tomography (CT).
Main Methods:
- Seventy-eight healthy individuals (52 children, 26 adults) aged 3-51 years underwent CT scans.
- Axial CT scans measured the angle between the posterior femoral condyle line and the intermalleolar line.
- Radiation exposure was assessed and approved by relevant authorities.
Main Results:
- At age 4, average lateral tibial torsion was 28 degrees (range: 20-37 degrees).
- Tibial torsion increased by approximately 1 degree/year until age 10.
- Mean lateral torsion reached 38 degrees (range: 18-47 degrees) by skeletal maturity.
Conclusions:
- The primary development of tibial torsion occurs within the first four years of life.
- Subsequent increases in tibial torsion show less clinical significance after age four.
- CT provides a reliable method for assessing tibial torsion development.