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Pyrochlore-type tin niobate.

L P Cruz¹, J M Savariault, J Rocha

¹Department of Environment, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3510 Viseu, Portugal.

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications

|October 6, 2001

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A novel tin niobium oxide crystal with a pyrochlore structure was synthesized. Tin ions, partially oxidized to tin(IV), occupy specific sites, influenced by lone pair stereoactivity.

Area of Science:

Solid-state chemistry
Crystallography
Materials science

Background:

The pyrochlore structure (A(2)B(2)O(7)) is a versatile framework for various functional materials.
Understanding cation distribution and bonding in complex oxides is crucial for predicting material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a novel tin niobium oxide with a pyrochlore structure.
To investigate the crystallographic site occupancy and the influence of tin's electronic configuration on the structure.

Main Methods:

Single crystal growth at high temperature (1273 K).
Chemical synthesis using sodium niobate and tin(II) chloride precursors.
Structural analysis based on the pyrochlore type A(2)B(2)O(7) framework.

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Main Results:

A single crystal of Sn(1.59)Nb(1.84)O(6.35) was successfully grown.
Tin and niobium ions were found to compete for the B site in the pyrochlore structure.
The stereoactivity of the Sn(2+) lone pair caused displacement of tin ions towards oxygen atoms within the tunnels.

Conclusions:

The study elucidates the complex cation distribution in tin niobium oxides.
The lone pair effect of Sn(2+) plays a significant role in distorting the pyrochlore lattice.
This provides insights into the structure-property relationships of related oxide materials.