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Passive and active lower-limb movements delay upper-limb balance reactions.

S Quant1, B E Maki, M C Verrier

  • 1Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Science, University of Toronto, 256 McCaul Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1W5, Canada.

Neuroreport
|October 6, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Rhythmic lower-limb activity, whether active or passive, delays upper-limb balance reactions. This suggests sensory feedback from leg movement, not just active effort, influences stability control.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Human Motor Control

Background:

  • Maintaining balance involves complex sensorimotor integration.
  • Upper-limb reactions are crucial for stability during perturbations.
  • The influence of concurrent lower-limb activity on upper-limb responses is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how rhythmic lower-limb activity affects the timing of upper-limb balance reactions.
  • To differentiate the effects of active versus passive lower-limb movement on balance control.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy subjects experienced rapid sagittal chair tilts.
  • Upper-limb grasping reactions were measured under three conditions: active leg pedaling, passive leg pedaling, and no lower-limb movement (control).

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  • Initiation and execution times of grasping reactions were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Both active and passive leg pedaling significantly delayed the initiation of grasping reactions compared to the control condition (43-47 ms delay).
    • Execution of grasping reactions was also delayed by both active and passive pedaling (12-17 ms delay).
    • The magnitude of delay was similar for active and passive pedaling conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Sensory discharge from lower-limb movement, rather than volitional effort, is the primary factor conditioning upper-limb balance reactions.
    • These findings highlight the significant role of ongoing movement, like locomotion, in modulating postural stability.
    • Understanding these interactions is crucial for rehabilitation and performance enhancement in activities requiring coordinated limb movements.